Furthermore, there is sufficient evidence from several studies to conclude that lifestyle intervention in people with IGT can result in sustained lifestyle changes and a reduction in diabetes incidence. Indeed, 90% of individuals with T2D are either overweight or obese. Several studies have shown that the risk of developing abnormal glucose tolerance including T2D is closely linked to the presence and duration of overweight and obesity. This finding together with the data from the Diabetes Epidemiology – Collaborative analysis Of Diagnostic Criteria in Europe (DECODE) study based on earlier surveys give reason to assume that the correct prevalence of diabetes in the population is markedly higher than recognized.Ībnormal glucose tolerance such as impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) are modifiable risk factors of T2D and cardiovascular diseases. The study conducted in Finland observed that there was a large number of clinically undiagnosed T2D cases. The prevalence of T2D in the 45–64 years-old population in Finland has been found to be 10.2% in men and 7.4% in women in 1992. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that the number of adults with diabetes will more than double from an estimated 143 million in 1997 to 300 million by 2025. This record has no associated files available for download.The increasing prevalence of obesity and sedentary lifestyle are the major underlying causes for type 2 diabetes (T2D) to become one of the fastest growing public health problems worldwide, imposing a high financial burden on health care costs. There was no strong evidence of publication or small study bias.Ĭonclusion: in most populations studied, birth weight was inversely related to type 2 diabetes risk. Adjustment for socioeconomic status did not materially affect the association (OR, 0.77 before adjustment and 0.78 after adjustment). Adjustment for current body mass index slightly strengthened the association (OR, 0.76 before adjustment and 0.70 after adjustment). The shape of the birth weight–type 2 diabetes association was strongly graded, particularly at birth weights of 3 kg or less. In the remaining 28 populations, the pooled OR of type 2 diabetes, adjusted for age and sex, was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.70-0.81) per kilogram. Appreciable heterogeneity between populations (I2 = 66% 95% confidence interval, 51%-77%) was largely explained by positive associations in 2 native North American populations with high prevalences of maternal diabetes and in 1 other population of young adults. Inverse birth weight–type 2 diabetes associations were observed in 23 populations (9 of which were statistically significant) and positive associations were found in 8 (2 of which were statistically significant). Data were obtained from 30 of these reports (31 populations 6090 diabetes cases 152 084 individuals). Estimates were pooled using random-effects models, allowing for the possibility that true associations differed between populations.ĭata Synthesis: of 327 reports identified, 31 were found to be relevant. Studies with either quantitative or qualitative estimates of the association between birth weight and type 2 diabetes were included.ĭata Extraction: estimates of association (odds ratio per kilogram of increase in birth weight) were obtained from authors or from published reports in models that allowed the effects of adjustment (for body mass index and socioeconomic status) and the effects of exclusion (for macrosomia and maternal diabetes) to be examined. Objective: to conduct a quantitative systematic review examining published evidence on the association of birth weight and type 2 diabetes in adults.ĭata Sources and Study Selection: relevant studies published by June 2008 were identified through literature searches using EMBASE (from 1980), MEDLINE (from 1950), and Web of Science (from 1980), with a combination of text words and Medical Subject Headings. However, the strength, consistency, independence, and shape of the association have not been systematically examined. Context: low birth weight is implicated as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes.
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